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Categorii sociale privilegiate din judeţul Orhei (Basarabia) în statistica recensământului fiscal din 1835 (boiernaşii, mazilii şi ruptaşii)

  • Subiect: Privileged social categories of Orhei County (Bessarabia) in the statistics of the fiscal census of 1835 (boiernasii, mazilii and ruptasii) In this study based on unpublished archival data, published documents and the works in which tangentially the discussed topic is approached, the author analyzes the status of privileged – boiernasi, mazili, and ruptasi in Bessarabia under the regime of Tsarist rule. The author ascertains that boiernasi and mazili represented a social category, while ruptasi – a fiscal one, which remained in Bessarabia from the time it was part of the Principality of Moldavia. Statistical data referring to boiernasi, mazili and ruptasi, systematized in the statistics of the fiscal census of 1835, demonstrate that they were not a numerous social and fiscal category. Although boiernasi and mazili enjoyed several privileges, the imperial administration did not accept them and did everything possible to suppressthem. This measure coincided with the Russian imperial policy of social and administrative unification of the newly annexed province. The process took place gradually, especially with regard to mazili, by eliminating them from various administrative functions and undermining their social prestige. With time, the rights of mazili were limited, they being forced to perform various benefits and pay taxes along with taxpayers. As a result some of them for various contraventions were transferred to the category of tarani, others ruined and dissolved in related social categories of the peasantry. While mazili had a more compact social and ethnic composition, that of the ruptasi was quite diverse and variegated, including indigenous and foreign elements, transferred from abroad to Bessarabia from peasants, but also citizens of local cities, which were not included among the privileged classes of society, did not have permanent residence, and were not enrolled in the category of taxpayers, enjoyed some privileges based on the documents issued by the prince. Although, unlike other categories of peasants, ruptasi enjoyed, at the beginning, certain privileges, they did not constitute a privileged class, on which czarism could count, as Soviet historiography attempted to assert. Along the way, even those minor privileges which they enjoyed, such as exemptions from local benefits and corporal punishment without the judgment trial, were canceled. As a result most of them were ruined and fell in dependence on landowners and the state, being transferred, eventually, in 1847, in the category of odnodvortsy.
  • Limba de redactare: română, engleză
  • Secţiunea: Istorie-History
  • Vezi publicația: Acta Terrae Fogarasiensis: ActaTF
  • Editura: Negru Vodă
  • Loc publicare: Făgăraş
  • Anul publicaţiei: 2020
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: 9; anul 2020
  • Paginaţia: 118-143
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