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Overview of the Dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu (1940-1944)

  • TITLU în română: O evaluare asupra dictaturii mareşalului Ion Antonescu (1940-1 944)
  • Subiect: Ion Antonescu took over full power in September 1 940, with the crucial help of Germany, forcing king Carol II to leave the country. The most important decision of Antonescu in 1940 was to join the Axis Berlin-Roma-Tokyo, in November 1940. This was the only way for Romania, which was also extremely important for German war machinery because it had the largest oii reserves in Europe outside the Soviet Union. The German Wehrmacht could not continue the war without securing the vital oii area of Prahova Valley. The main purpose of Antonescu was to restare the crippled borders of Romania. The next criticai decision for the Romanian dictator was to join German forces in the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The Romanian army sustained heavy loses during the campaign of 1941, especially because the lack of modern artillery, tanks and aviation. The most controversial decision of Antonescu was to continue the war against the Soviet Army beyond the river Nistru. The leaders of opposition, like Iuliu Maniu and Dinu Brătianu, were outraged by this decision, and sent many written protests against what they considered a huge mistake. Antonescu was convinced by Hitler's cunning delusion that after the victorious war against the bolshevism, Romania would reunite with the Northern Transilvania, taken by Hungary. Similarly, Hitler secretly promised Hungarian leaders the Southern Transilvania, forcing them to increase the economic and military war ejfort against the Soviet Union. Another fatal decision of Antonescu was to start the persecution of the Romanian Jews, especially by evacuating them from Basarabia and Bucovina to the East of Nistru river. The Holocaust in Romania had a dire impact:around 200 000 Jews were murdered by Romanian authorities, even if Antonescu refused to sent all the Romanian Jews to the death camp of Belzec. ln December 1941 Antonescu decided to sent a huge number of Romanian troops deep into the Russian territory, to help the German Army in the 1942 campaign. The resuit of this insanely decision was the worst military catastrophy in Romanian history: the battle of Stalingrad, where almost 200 000 Romanian soldiers were killed, wounded and captured. In 1943 Antonescu refused to sent new troops on the Eastern Front. In August 1944 Antonescu still refused to end the war against the Allies. Thus he was arrested by king Mihai I and Romania stopped the war against Soviet Union and its allies.
  • Limba de redactare: română, engleză
  • Secţiunea: Miscellanea
  • Vezi publicația: Studii şi Articole de Istorie: SAI
  • Loc publicare: Bucureşti
  • Anul publicaţiei: 2017
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: 84; anul 2017
  • Paginaţia: 278-305
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