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Crucea-relicvar (engolpion) de la Herina

  • Subiect: The author makes known to the researchers and interested readers a reliquary-cross pectoral (encolpion), recently discovered in Transylvania, specifically in the vicinity of the famous church from Herina, built in Romanesque style in the middle of the thirteenth century. The reliquary-cross, discovered incidentally, is cast of good quality bronze, in bivalve pattern. Preserved whole, in a good state of preservation, the cross has on the obverse, in the centre a realistic representation of an embossed image of Jesus Christ, crucified with halo. At the ends of the three equal arms, there are three round medallions with the representation in relief of the busts of three saints. In the central part of the cross, overhead the Saviour imagine and both sides of the hands, vertically near the bottom left and the upper medallion incised letters appear, in Greek and Slavonic. These are monograms and abbreviations of the Christian messages that allow us identify the characters. Along with crucified Jesus is the Mother of God, St. John the Evangelist and St. Nicholas. The reverse has on its central part, on the vertical arm raised, the image of St. Mary with the Holy Child, and to the ends of the arms are shown in medallion busts, three bearded holy men, without aura, two identified as St. Peter and Paul. In the middle are incised Greek monogram of the name of Jesus and the Virgin Mary, also a letter is poorly visible in the upper medallion. Typological and by technical execution of the highest quality, the Herina encolpion can be related to the series of crosses or Kievan old Russian type, being produced in a workshop in Kiev or in a specialized centre of the old Russian duchies before 1240. With prototypes as the reliquary-crosses of Byzantine origin, the encolpions from the Kievan space appeared in the second half of the eleventh century, the first produced type is precisely this model that was discovered at Herina, which renders the image of the Crucifixion and the Virgin Hodegetria. The encolpion from Herina is so far, only the third piece of its kind in Transylvania, the best preserved specimen of all discoveries, regardless of type, in the Carpathian space. Due to its characteristics - bronze of good quality, well-executed images in relief and very expressive, the use of Greek letters to the detriment of Slavonic, are elements that led us to believe that this piece was probably produced in the first half of the twelfth century in a workshop, in the duchy of Kiev and later in the century came to Transylvania. Given the demographic and political situation of the northeast Transylvania in the X- ½XIII centuries, until 1241, based on the information and documentation provided by archaeological research and in view of the specific reliquary-crosses for the Orthodox confession, we believe that the piece from Herina recently discovered, belonged to an Eastern Rite bishop who served in the territories densely populated by a Romanian Orthodox Christian population.
  • Limba de redactare: română, engleză
  • Vezi publicația: Revista Bistriţei: RB
  • Editura: Accent
  • Loc publicare: Cluj-Napoca
  • Anul publicaţiei: 2014
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: XXVIII; anul 2014
  • Paginaţia: 197-212
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