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Interese, conflicte şi competitori în comerţul de la gurile Dunării şi limanul Nistrului la sfârşitul seco-lului al XIII-lea şi în secolul al XIV-lea 

  • Subiect: The importance of the territories from the Danube's mouths and from the Dnister's bank is great not only for the Genoese trade and the transit from the Western Pontic coast, but also as a connection with the Northern and Central Europe. These territories drew the attention of the Ligurian merchants who are mentioned at Vicina in 1281, at Kilia (Chilia) in 1288 and probably at Lykostomo, at Maurocastum Moncastro (Cetatea Albă) in 1290. The Italian republics' trading relations with the Wallachian territories had an important role for the Wallachian and Italian relationship. The increasing trade developed in the 13th century and in the 14th century determined the emission of some coins or local monetary and ponderable units in order to facilitate the transactions: Vicina issues its own hyperpers as early as 1281, Kilia issues its own ponderable sommis in 1360, unit adopted by Lykostomo in 1373, a centre that issues its own aspris beginning with 1383. Genoa's trading relations with Wallachia were under the badge of the dispute for controlling the lower Danube. It was Hungary, the ally of the Ligurian community, that firstly undertook this dispute. Under the circumstances, the Hungarian and Genoese alliance was, against the background of the existing tensions between the two states and Wallachia, a real obstacle for the development of Wallachian and Genoese trading relations. This fact did not mean the Genoese merchants' elimination from the trading traffic which was developing from Kilia to Brăila and from here to Central Europe, either upstream the Danube, or along the trading road that conveyed in transit Wallachia. The circulation of the Genoese silver bullions - sommo or marca - in Wallachia as early as the first half of the 14th century (1330), confirms this presence. Venice, Genoa's rival, that was in good political relations with the Wallachian state, took advantage of this situation in the second half of the 14th century. The circulation of the Venetian coin in Wallachia, the consideration of the Venetian ducat as the basis of the Wallachian monetary system, established by Vladislav I (Ladislaus) after 1365, or the help consisting in military equipment given to Radu I by Venice during the Wallachian and Hungarian conflict in 1377, represent only few examples that underline the Wallachian and Venetian economic relations, in this epoch. We deal with a suite of similar situations in the case of the relations between the Italian sea republics and the Dobrudjan Despotate. The presence of the Genoese merchants at the Danube's mouths and in other places from the Pontic and Western coast, places that were under the control of the despot Dobrotici (Dobrotich), got to the establishment of some intense trading exchanges with these regions. This is confirmed by the Genoese notarial acts from Kilia and Lykostomo, despite the Dobrudjan and Genoese tense political relations.
  • Limba de redactare: română, engleză
  • Secţiunea: Istorie
  • Vezi publicația: Sargetia. Acta Musei Devensis
  • Editura: Astra
  • Loc publicare: Deva
  • Anul publicaţiei: 2006
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: XXXIV; anul 2006; subtitlu: Acta Musei Devensis
  • Paginaţia: 31-53
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