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Ferdinand I - regele României Mari

  • Subiect: Ferdinand of Hohenzollern was born on the 24th of august 1865 at Sigmaringen (Germany). His father was prince Leopold, the brother of king Carol the Ist of Romania. In 1881 he was declared successor to the throne of Romania. He became king of Romania on the 11th of October 1914, after the death of his unele, king Carol the Ist. In 1892, Ferdinand married princess Maria, the daughter of Alfred, duke of Edinburgh (the son of queen Victoria of Great Britain), and Maria Alexandrova (the daughter of tzar Alexander the IInd). Taking the reins during the First World War, the new king had to accept the major interests of the romanian people. After two years of neutrality (1914-1916), Romania signed the Military Convention with Antanta (Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy) on the 4th/17th of August 1916, which promised help in recognizing the legitimacy of the union of Bucovina, Transylvania and Banat with the motherland. King Ferdinand's position determined the Crown Council on August 14th/27th 1916 to state that Romania would enter the war by the Allies' side. Romania's military campaign in the fall of 1916 ended disastrously on the transylvanian front, on Valea Neajlovului and in Dobruja, because of the numeric and technical superiority of the enemy and the missing help that the Allies had promised, and in spite of the heroic efforts of the Romanian soldiers. The result was the occupation of two thirds of Romania's territory by the german and austro-hungarian armies. The anny, the govem, the king and a part of the population retreated in Moldavia, the only free territory. In the spring of 1917, the Romanian army was reorganized with help from the Allies and prepared for the operations in the summer. The great victories at Mărăşti-Mărăşeşti-Oituz (July-August 1917) stopped the german offensive, getting back the prestige of the romanian army. The world war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. Germany surrendered on the 11th of November 1918. On the 28th of October 1918, king Ferdinand ordered the Romanian army to enter the war again, by the Antanta 's side. In this context, during that year (1918), the national unity of the Romanians was achieved: march 27th / april 9th - the union of Dobruja with Romania; November 15th / 28th - the union of Bucovina with Romania; November 18th / December 1st - the union of Transylvania and Banat with Romania. King Ferdinand became the king of all Romanians. The new Romanian state, with an area of 295 049 lan and a population of 18 million inhabitants, was recognized by the Peace Treaty which ended the Conference from Paris (1919-1920). The great reforms adopted after the Union culminated with the elaboration of the Constitution from 1923, which was meant to strengthen the Rornanian democracy. The ceremonies concerning the coronation of king Ferdinand and queen Maria at Alba Iulia on the 15th of october 1922 in the Orthodox Cathedral (specially built for this event) were another important event. The last years of king Ferdinand's reign were eclipsed by the love escapades of prince Carol, ended with his renunciation at the throne (December 1925). On the 4th of January 1926, the National Constitutional Assembly proclaimed Mihai, prince Carol's son, as heir to the throne and a regency was formed to rule the country during his childhood years. On the 20th of july 1927, king Ferdinand died. He was buried at Curtea de Argeş Monastery, now the necropole of the romani an monarchy.
  • Limba de redactare: română
  • Secţiunea: Istorie modernă şi contemporană
  • Vezi publicația: Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis: ActaMM
  • Editura: Muzeul Judeţean Vaslui
  • Loc publicare: Vaslui
  • Anul publicaţiei: 2008
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: XXVIII-XXIX; nr. în TOM: II; anul 2008
  • Paginaţia: 135-150
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