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Villae rusticae pe teritoriul Sarmizegetusei

  • Subiect: Among the numerous Roman vestiges found on the territory of Colonia Sarmizegetusa we’ll deal only with those which were or could be centers of farms - villae rusticae. Situated in the Haţeg depression and on the middle flow of the Strei, they seem to gravitate towards Sarmizegetusa. Although they would have been numerous on this territory, we’ll present only those investigated by excavations at Hobiţa-Grădişte (fig. 1), Sântămăria-Orlea and Strei-Călan and some presumed, signaled on ground surveys at Breazova, Peşteana, Haţeg and Băţălar. It is shown that at the beginning these villae rusticae were usually made up by one or two simple buildings which in the process of time became real farming centers with many edifices: the main structure inhabited by the landowner and the dependencies serving as housing workmen, cover for animals and storehouse for grain and tools. Surrounded by walls closing areas of 0,2-0,3 ha, the villae had stony, mortar or bam-bound and brick wall. Tile covered, they had rooms with hypocaustum installation and even mosaic inlay. According to their position, structure and material discoveries, these villae rusticae have a profound agro-animal character and belong to the type of dispersed buildings in the interior of an enclosure. Domestic industry was practiced there and the metropolis was supplied with the plentiful raw-materials of the zone. It is difficult to establish their extent and economic power, but those known from ancient authors and from excavations seems to have had a surface of 200-1000 iugera. The villae could be property of veterans, colonists or natives who would have used slaves, but we consider that under the circumstances given by the agrarian policy of the empire they would have employed the local people more easily. The owners didn't live permanently there, but in town, at Sarmizegetusa, involved in the whirl of its life, a villicus looking after the farm. It seems that many villae stopped activity a short time after removing Roman administration from Dacia, but some might have continued existence converting to a closed economy. Their workers remained and in some cases settled even on the farm estate.
  • Limba de redactare: română, engleză
  • Secţiunea: Comunicări
  • Vezi publicația: Sargetia. Acta Musei Devensis
  • Editura: Tipografia Deva
  • Loc publicare: Deva
  • Anul publicaţiei: 1974-1975
  • Referinţă bibliografică pentru nr. revistă: XI-XII; anul 1974-1975; subtitlu: Acta Musei Devensis
  • Paginaţia: 291-297
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